Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-15 (of 15 Records) |
Query Trace: Calhoun K[original query] |
---|
Coverage with selected vaccines and exemption from school vaccine requirements among children in kindergarten - United States, 2022-23 school year
Seither R , Yusuf OB , Dramann D , Calhoun K , Mugerwa-Kasujja A , Knighton CL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (45) 1217-1224 U.S. states and local jurisdictions set vaccination requirements for school attendance and conditions and procedures for exemptions from these requirements. States annually report data to CDC on the number of children in kindergarten who meet, are exempt from, or are in the process of meeting requirements. National- and state-level estimates for complete vaccination with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); poliovirus vaccine (polio); and varicella vaccine (VAR); exemptions from vaccination; and legally allowed kindergarten attendance while meeting requirements were based on data reported by 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) for the 2022-23 school year. This kindergarten class became age-eligible to complete most state-required vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. National coverage remained near 93% for all vaccines; exemptions were low but increased to 3%, compared with those during the 2021-22 school year (2.6%). At the state level, coverage with MMR, DTaP, polio, and VAR decreased in 29, 31, 28, and 25 states, respectively, compared with coverage during the 2021-22 school year. Exemptions increased in 40 states and DC, with 10 states reporting an exemption from at least one vaccine for >5% of kindergartners. Schools and providers should work to ensure that students are vaccinated before school entry, such as during the enrollment process, which is often several months before school starts. State and local provisional enrollment periods that allow students to attend school while on a catch-up schedule also provide the opportunity to fully vaccinate students and to prevent nonmedical exemptions resulting from lingering undervaccination due to COVID-19 pandemic-related barriers to vaccination, such as reduced access to vaccination appointments. |
A narrative review of literature examining studies researching the impact of law on health and economic outcomes
Pepin DA , St Clair Sims R , Khushalani J , Tonti L , Kelly MA , Song S , Arifkhanova A , Hulkower R , Calhoun BH , Puddy RW , Kaminski JW . J Public Health Manag Pract 2023 30 (1) 12-35 CONTEXT: Public health policy can play an important role in improving public health outcomes. Accordingly, there has been an increasing emphasis by policy makers on identifying and implementing evidence-informed public health policy interventions. PROGRAM OR POLICY: Growth and refinement of the field of research assessing the impact of legal interventions on health outcomes, known as legal epidemiology, prompted this review of studies on the relationship between laws and health or economic outcomes. IMPLEMENTATION: Authors systematically searched 8 major literature databases for all English language journal articles that assessed the effect of a law on health and economic outcomes published between January 1, 2009, and September 18, 2019. This search generated 12 570 unique articles 177 of which met inclusion criteria. The team conducting the systematic review was a multidisciplinary team that included health economists and public health policy researchers, as well as public health lawyers with expertise in legal epidemiological research methods. The authors identified and assessed the types of methods used to measure the laws' health impact. EVALUATION: In this review, the authors examine how legal epidemiological research methods have been described in the literature as well as trends among the studies. Overall, 3 major themes emerged from this study: (1) limited variability in the sources of the health data across the studies, (2) limited differences in the methodological approaches used to connect law to health outcomes, and (3) lack of transparency surrounding the source and quality of the legal data relied upon. DISCUSSION: Through highlighting public health law research methodologies, this systematic review may inform researchers, practitioners, and lawmakers on how to better examine and understand the impacts of legal interventions on health and economic outcomes. Findings may serve as a source of suggested practices in conducting legal epidemiological outcomes research and identifying conceptual and method-related gaps in the literature. |
Influenza, tdap, and COVID-19 vaccination coverage and hesitancy among pregnant women - United States, April 2023
Razzaghi H , Kahn KE , Calhoun K , Garacci E , Skoff TH , Ellington SR , Jatlaoui TC , Black CL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (39) 1065-1071 Influenza, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and COVID-19 vaccines can reduce the risk for influenza, pertussis, and COVID-19 among pregnant women and their infants. To assess influenza, Tdap, and COVID-19 vaccination coverage among women pregnant during the 2022-23 influenza season, CDC analyzed data from an Internet panel survey conducted during March 28-April 16, 2023. Among 1,814 survey respondents who were pregnant at any time during October 2022-January 2023, 47.2% reported receiving influenza vaccine before or during their pregnancy. Among 776 respondents with a live birth by their survey date, 55.4% reported receiving Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. Among 1,252 women pregnant at the time of the survey, 27.3% reported receipt of a COVID-19 bivalent booster dose before or during the current pregnancy. Data from the same questions included in surveys conducted during influenza seasons 2019-20 through 2022-23 show that the proportion of pregnant women who reported being very hesitant about influenza and Tdap vaccinations during pregnancy increased from 2019-20 to 2022-23. Pregnant women who received a provider recommendation for vaccination were less hesitant about influenza and Tdap vaccines. Promotion of efforts to improve vaccination coverage among pregnant women, such as provider recommendation for vaccination and informative conversations with patients to address vaccine hesitancy, might reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase coverage with these important vaccines to protect mothers and their infants against severe respiratory diseases. |
Exploring the association of paid sick leave with healthcare utilization and health outcomes in the United States: a rapid evidence review
Song S , Calhoun BH , Kucik JE , Konnyu KJ , Hilson R . Glob Health J 2023 Objective: Paid sick leave (PSL) laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or injured. This current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with PSL. Methods: We conducted a rapid evidence review. Our search of seven databases, including Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, and JSTOR, on September 21, 2020, identified 757 studies, 30 of which were retained. Results: Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey data. In this study, evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health outcomes. In terms of healthcare utilization, findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive services and a decrease in the use of emergency care; while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap smears. As for health outcomes, findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health, decreased incidence of influenza-like illness, and lower occupational injuries and mortality rates. Conclusion: PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health outcomes. Future research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes. © 2023 |
Vaccination coverage with selected vaccines and exemption rates among children in kindergarten - United States, 2021-22 school year
Seither R , Calhoun K , Yusuf OB , Dramann D , Mugerwa-Kasujja A , Knighton CL , Black CL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (2) 26-32 State and local school vaccination requirements protect students and communities against vaccine-preventable diseases (1). This report summarizes data collected by state and local immunization programs* on vaccination coverage and exemptions to vaccination among children in kindergarten in 49 states(†) and the District of Columbia and provisional enrollment or grace period status for kindergartners in 27 states(§) for the 2021-22 school year. Nationwide, vaccination coverage with 2 doses of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) was 93.5%(¶); with the state-required number of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) doses was 93.1%**; with poliovirus vaccine (polio) was 93.5%(††); and with the state-required number of varicella vaccine doses was 92.8%.(§§) Compared with the 2020-21 school year, vaccination coverage decreased 0.4-0.9 percentage points for all vaccines. Although 2.6% of kindergartners had an exemption for at least one vaccine,(¶¶) an additional 3.9% who did not have an exemption were not up to date with MMR. Although there has been a nearly complete return to in-person learning after COVID-19 pandemic-associated disruptions, immunization programs continued to report COVID-19-related impacts on vaccination assessment and coverage. Follow-up with undervaccinated students and catch-up campaigns remain important for increasing vaccination coverage to prepandemic levels to protect children and communities from vaccine-preventable diseases. |
Preventing Leading Causes of Death: Systematic Review of Cost-Utility Literature
Khushalani JS , Song S , Calhoun BH , Puddy RW , Kucik JE . Am J Prev Med 2021 62 (2) 275-284 INTRODUCTION: Heart disease, cancer, unintentional injury, chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke are the 5 leading causes of death in the U.S. The objective of this review is to examine the economic value of prevention interventions addressing these 5 conditions. METHODS: Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry data were queried from 2010 to 2018 for interventions that addressed any of the 5 conditions in the U.S. Results were stratified by condition, prevention stage, type of intervention, study sponsorship, and study perspective. The analyses were conducted in 2020, and all costs were reported in 2019 dollars. RESULTS: In total, 549 cost-effectiveness analysis studies examined interventions addressing these 5 conditions in the U.S. Tertiary prevention interventions were assessed in 61.4%, whereas primary prevention was assessed in 8.6% of the studies. Primary prevention studies were predominantly funded by government, whereas industry sources funded more tertiary prevention studies, especially those dealing with pharmaceutical interventions. The median incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the 5 conditions combined was $68,500 per quality-adjusted life year. Median incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were lowest for primary prevention and highest for tertiary prevention. DISCUSSION: Primary prevention may be more cost effective than secondary and tertiary prevention interventions; however, research investments in primary prevention interventions, especially by industry, lag in comparison. These findings help to highlight the gaps in the cost-effectiveness analysis literature related to the 5 leading causes of death and identify understudied interventions and prevention stages for each condition. |
Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Adults Aged ≥65 Years - United States, January-March 2021.
Tenforde MW , Olson SM , Self WH , Talbot HK , Lindsell CJ , Steingrub JS , Shapiro NI , Ginde AA , Douin DJ , Prekker ME , Brown SM , Peltan ID , Gong MN , Mohamed A , Khan A , Exline MC , Files DC , Gibbs KW , Stubblefield WB , Casey JD , Rice TW , Grijalva CG , Hager DN , Shehu A , Qadir N , Chang SY , Wilson JG , Gaglani M , Murthy K , Calhoun N , Monto AS , Martin ET , Malani A , Zimmerman RK , Silveira FP , Middleton DB , Zhu Y , Wyatt D , Stephenson M , Baughman A , Womack KN , Hart KW , Kobayashi M , Verani JR , Patel MM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (18) 674-679 Adults aged ≥65 years are at increased risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were identified as a priority group to receive the first COVID-19 vaccines approved for use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in the United States (1-3). In an evaluation at 24 hospitals in 14 states,* the effectiveness of partial or full vaccination(†) with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was assessed among adults aged ≥65 years. Among 417 hospitalized adults aged ≥65 years (including 187 case-patients and 230 controls), the median age was 73 years, 48% were female, 73% were non-Hispanic White, 17% were non-Hispanic Black, 6% were Hispanic, and 4% lived in a long-term care facility. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years was estimated to be 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49%-99%) for full vaccination and 64% (95% CI = 28%-82%) for partial vaccination. These findings are consistent with efficacy determined from clinical trials in the subgroup of adults aged ≥65 years (4,5). This multisite U.S. evaluation under real-world conditions suggests that vaccination provided protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. Vaccination is a critical tool for reducing severe COVID-19 in groups at high risk. |
Outcomes among pediatric patients with cancer who are treated on trial versus off trial: A matched cohort study
Schapira MM , Stevens EM , Sharpe JE , Hochman L , Reiter JG , Calhoun SR , Shah SA , Bailey LC , Bagatell R , Silber JH , Tai E , Barakat LP . Cancer 2020 126 (15) 3471-3482 BACKGROUND: Approximately 50% of children with cancer in the United States who are aged <15 years receive primary treatment on a therapeutic clinical trial. To the authors' knowledge, it remains unknown whether trial enrollment has a clinical benefit compared with the best alternative standard therapy and/or off trial (ie, clinical trial effect). The authors conducted a retrospective matched cohort study to compare the morbidity and mortality of pediatric patients with cancer who are treated on a phase 3 clinical trial compared with those receiving standard therapy and/or off trial. METHODS: Subjects were aged birth to 19 years; were diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), rhabdomyosarcoma, or neuroblastoma; and had received initial treatment at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. On-trial and off-trial subjects were matched based on age, race, ethnicity, a diagnosis of Down syndrome (for patients with ALL or AML), prognostic risk level, date of diagnosis, and tumor type. RESULTS: A total of 428 participants were matched in 214 pairs (152 pairs for ALL, 24 pairs for AML, 32 pairs for rhabdomyosarcoma, and 6 pairs for neuroblastoma). The 5-year survival rate did not differ between those treated on trial versus those treated with standard therapy and/or off trial (86.9% vs 82.2%; P = .093). On-trial patients had a 32% lower odds of having worse (higher) mortality-morbidity composite scores, although this did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.03 [P = .070]). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes noted between those patients treated on trial and those treated with standard therapy and/or off trial. However, in partial support of the clinical trial effect, the results of the current study indicate a trend toward more favorable outcomes in children treated on trial compared with those treated with standard therapy and/or off trial. These findings can support decision making regarding enrollment in pediatric phase 3 clinical trials. |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's School Vaccination Assessment: Collaboration with US state, local, and territorial immunization programs, 2012-2018
Mellerson JL , Street E , Knighton C , Calhoun K , Seither R , Underwood JM . Am J Public Health 2020 110 (7) e1-e6 Objectives. To describe the ongoing collaboration of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) school vaccination assessment with state, local, and territorial immunization programs to provide data to monitor school entry vaccination.Methods. Departments of health and education partner to collect data from public school, private school, and homeschooled kindergartners in the 50 US states, the District of Columbia, 2 cities, and the US territories. Immunization programs submit vaccination coverage and exemption data to the CDC, and the CDC reports these data annually via multiple sources.Results. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the number of programs using a census for vaccination coverage data increased from 39 to 41 during the school years 2012-2013 to 2017-2018 (which for most states was August or September through May or June), and the number using a census to collect exemption data increased from 40 to 46. The number of states that reported sharing their local-level vaccination coverage data online increased from 11 in 2012-2013 to 31 in 2017-2018.Conclusions. Coverage data can be used to address undervaccination among kindergartners to work with communities and schools that are susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. As more states publish local-level data online, access to improved data provides the public more valuable information. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e6. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305643). |
Clinical-community partnerships to identify patients with food insecurity and address food needs
Lundeen EA , Siegel KR , Calhoun H , Kim SA , Garcia SP , Hoeting NM , Harris DM , Khan LK , Smith B , Blanck HM , Barnett K , Haddix AC . Prev Chronic Dis 2017 14 E113 INTRODUCTION: More than 42 million people in the United States are food insecure. Although some health care entities are addressing food insecurity among patients because of associations with disease risk and management, little is known about the components of these initiatives. METHODS: The Systematic Screening and Assessment Method was used to conduct a landscape assessment of US health care entity-based programs that screen patients for food insecurity and connect them with food resources. A network of food insecurity researchers, experts, and practitioners identified 57 programs, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria of being health care entities that 1) screen patients for food insecurity, 2) link patients to food resources, and 3) target patients including adults aged 50 years or older (a focus of this assessment). Data on key features of each program were abstracted from documentation and telephone interviews. RESULTS: Most programs (n = 13) focus on patients with chronic disease, and most (n = 12) partner with food banks. Common interventions include referrals to or a list of food resources (n = 19), case managers who navigate patients to resources (n = 15), assistance with federal benefit applications (n = 14), patient education and skill building (n = 13), and distribution of fruit and vegetable vouchers redeemable at farmers markets (n = 8). Most programs (n = 14) routinely screen all patients. CONCLUSION: The programs reviewed use various strategies to screen patients, including older adults, for food insecurity and to connect them to food resources. Research is needed on program effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Such evidence can be used to inform the investments of potential stakeholders, including health care entities, community organizations, and insurers. |
Vaccination coverage for selected vaccines, exemption rates, and provisional enrollment among children in kindergarten - United States, 2016-17 school year
Seither R , Calhoun K , Street EJ , Mellerson J , Knighton CL , Tippins A , Underwood JM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017 66 (40) 1073-1080 State and local school vaccination requirements help protect students and communities against vaccine-preventable diseases (1). CDC reports vaccination coverage and exemption data for children attending kindergarten (kindergartners) collected by federally funded immunization programs in the United States.* The typical age range for kindergartners is 4-6 years. Although vaccination requirements vary by state (the District of Columbia [DC] is counted as a state in this report.), the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that children in this age range have received, among other vaccinations, 5 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), and 2 doses of varicella vaccine (2). This report summarizes 2016-17 school year MMR, DTaP, and varicella vaccination coverage reported by immunization programs in 49 states, exemptions in 50 states, and kindergartners provisionally enrolled or within a grace period in 27 states. Median vaccination coveragedagger was 94.5% for the state-required number of doses of DTaP; 94.0% for 2 doses of MMR; and 93.8% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. The median percentage of kindergartners with an exemption from at least one vaccine section sign was 2.0%, similar to 2015-16 (1.9%). Median grace period and provisional enrollment was 2.0%. Vaccination coverage remains consistently high and exemptions low at state and national levels. Local-level vaccination coverage data provide opportunities for immunization programs to identify schools, districts, counties, or regions susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases and for schools to address undervaccination through implementation of existing state and local vaccination policies (1) to protect communities through increased coverage. |
Vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten - United States, 2015-16 school year
Seither R , Calhoun K , Mellerson J , Knighton CL , Street E , Dietz V , Underwood JM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (39) 1057-1064 State-mandated vaccination requirements for school entry protect children and communities against vaccine-preventable diseases. Each school year, federally funded immunization programs (e.g., states, territories, jurisdictions) collect and report kindergarten vaccination data to CDC. This report describes vaccination coverage estimates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), and the estimated number of kindergartners with at least one vaccine exemption in 47 states and DC, during the 2015-16 school year. Median vaccination coverage was 94.6% for 2 doses of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR); 94.2% for diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); and 94.3% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. MMR coverage increased in 32 states during the last year, and 22 states reported coverage ≥95%. A total of 45 states and DC had either a grace period allowing students to attend school before providing documentation of vaccination or provisional enrollment that allows undervaccinated students to attend school while completing a catch-up schedule. Among the 23 states that were able to voluntarily report state-level data on grace period or provisional enrollment to CDC, a median of 2.0% of kindergartners were not documented as completely vaccinated and were attending school within a grace period or were provisionally enrolled. The median percentage of kindergartners with an exemption from one or more vaccinations was 1.9%. State and local immunization programs, in cooperation with schools, can improve vaccination coverage by ensuring that all kindergartners are vaccinated during the grace period or provisional enrollment. |
Vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten - United States, 2014-15 school year
Seither R , Calhoun K , Knighton CL , Mellerson J , Meador S , Tippins A , Greby SM , Dietz V . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015 64 (33) 897-904 State and local jurisdictions require children to be vaccinated before starting school to maintain high vaccination coverage and protect schoolchildren from vaccine-preventable diseases. State vaccination requirements, which include school vaccination and exemption laws and health department regulations, permit medical exemptions for students with a medical contraindication to receiving a vaccine or vaccine component and may allow nonmedical exemptions for religious reasons or philosophic beliefs. To monitor state and national vaccination coverage and exemption levels among children attending kindergarten, CDC analyzes school vaccination data collected by federally funded state, local, and territorial immunization programs. This report describes vaccination coverage estimates in 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) and vaccination exemption estimates in 46 states and DC that reported the number of children with at least one exemption among kindergartners during the 2014-15 school year. Median vaccination coverage* was 94.0% for 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine; 94.2% for the local requirements for diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); and 93.6% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine among the 39 states and DC with a 2-dose requirement. The median percentage of any exemptionsdagger was 1.7%. Although statewide vaccination coverage among kindergartners was high during the 2014-15 school year, geographic pockets of low vaccination coverage and high exemption levels can place children at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. Appropriate school vaccination coverage assessments can help immunization programs identify clusters of low coverage and develop partnerships with schools and communities to ensure that children are protected from vaccine-preventable diseases. |
Determinants and coverage of vaccination in children in Western Kenya from a 2003 cross-sectional survey
Calhoun LM , van Eijk AM , Lindblade KA , Odhiambo FO , Wilson ML , Winterbauer E , Slutsker L , Hamel MJ . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013 90 (2) 234-41 This study assesses full and timely vaccination coverage and factors associated with full vaccination in children ages 12-23 months in Gem, Nyanza Province, Kenya in 2003. A simple random sample of 1,769 households was selected, and guardians were invited to bring children under 5 years of age to participate in a survey. Full vaccination coverage was 31.1% among 244 children. Only 2.2% received all vaccinations in the target month for each vaccination. In multivariate logistic regression, children of mothers of higher parity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.13-0.65, P ≤ 0.01), children of mothers with lower maternal education (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.97, P ≤ 0.05), or children in households with the spouse absent versus present (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17-0.91, P ≤ 0.05) were less likely to be fully vaccinated. These data serve as a baseline from which changes in vaccination coverage will be measured as interventions to improve vaccination timeliness are introduced. |
Rotavirus disease burden and impact and cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccination program in Kenya
Tate JE , Rheingans RD , O'Reilly CE , Obonyo B , Burton DC , Tornheim JA , Adazu K , Jaron P , Ochieng B , Kerin T , Calhoun L , Hamel M , Laserson K , Breiman RF , Feikin DR , Mintz ED , Widdowson MA . J Infect Dis 2009 200 S76-84 BACKGROUND: The projected impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination are important for supporting rotavirus vaccine introduction in Africa, where limited health intervention funds are available. METHODS: Hospital records, health utilization surveys, verbal autopsy data, and surveillance data on diarrheal disease were used to determine rotavirus-specific rates of hospitalization, clinic visits, and deaths due to diarrhea among children <5 years of age in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Rates were extrapolated nationally with use of province-specific data on diarrheal illness. Direct medical costs were estimated using record review and World Health Organization estimates. Household costs were collected through parental interviews. The impact of vaccination on health burden and on the cost-effectiveness per disability-adjusted life-year and lives saved were calculated. RESULTS: Annually in Kenya, rotavirus infection causes 19% of hospitalizations and 16% of clinic visits for diarrhea among children <5 years of age and causes 4471 deaths, 8781 hospitalizations, and 1,443,883 clinic visits. Nationally, rotavirus disease costs the health care system $10.8 million annually. Routine vaccination with a 2-dose rotavirus vaccination series would avert 2467 deaths (55%), 5724 hospitalizations (65%), and 852,589 clinic visits (59%) and would save 58 disability-adjusted life-years per 1000 children annually. At $3 per series, a program would cost $2.1 million in medical costs annually; the break-even price is $2.07 per series. CONCLUSIONS: A rotavirus vaccination program would reduce the substantial burden of rotavirus disease and the economic burden in Kenya. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure